Batteries, wind turbines, semiconductors and defence systems all depend on rare earths, lithium, cobalt and nickel. These minerals are mined across Africa, Latin America, Australia and Asia, but most refining and processing takes place in Asia, above all in China. Producer countries such as Indonesia are using export policy to capture more of the value chain, while Europe and the United States are funding alternatives.

This webinar maps who extracts, who processes and who consumes, and asks how realistic diversification really is. Speakers from producing countries, industry and policy will discuss supply security, development opportunities for resource-rich economies, and the diplomacy of an increasingly contested market.